Host header injection cwe The support This entails the adversary injecting malicious user input into various standard and/or user defined HTTP headers within a HTTP Request through user input of Carriage Return (CR), Line Feed The Host header can be manipulated by an attacker when the framework is generating an absolute URL. A remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to inject The server does not send security headers or directives, or they are not set to secure values. Very often multiple websites are hosted on the same IP address. Burp Suite Professional The world's #1 web penetration testing toolkit. As a result, an attacker might be able to modify the contents of the HTTP response by means of unexpected CR (carriage return — %0d or \r) and LF (line feed — %0a or \n) characters and send to the browser two different HTTP responses instead of one. io United States: (800) 682-1707 Vulnerability Mapping: ALLOWED This CWE ID may be used to map to real-world vulnerabilities Abstraction: Base Base - a weakness that is still mostly independent of a resource or technology, but with sufficient details to provide specific methods for detection and prevention. As the Host header is in fact user controllable, this practice can lead to a number of issues. g. A Host header attack, also known as Host header injection, happens when the attacker provides a manipulated Host header to the web application. CWE-ID CWE Name Source; CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') ilog. LDAP injection attacks could result in the granting of permissions to unauthorized queries, and When a web application is accessible using arbitrary HTTP Host headers, it can be vulnerable to a security issue known as Host Header Injection. res. It should also create a dummy vhost that catches all requests with unrecognized Host headers. Attack Complexity: This metric captures measurable actions that must be taken by the attacker to actively evade or circumvent existing built-in security-enhancing conditions in order to obtain a working exploit. 8 >= 3. json in any AEM instance during bug hunting, try for web cache poisoning via followingHost: , X-Forwarded When using HttpCache, the values of the X-Forwarded-Host headers are implicitly set as trusted while this should be forbidden, leading to potential host header injection. Hence, the finding is flagged that the scanned target is vulnerable. 1 may allow an attacker to spoof a particular header and redirect users to malicious websites. By testing the behavior of a The code is vulnerable to SQL Injection as unsanitized user input in the SQL query without any validation or sanitization is used. If you come across /api. frontegg. CWE-644 CVE ID. 2- Validate Host headers 3- Whitelist trusted domains 4 - Implement domain mapping 5 -Reject override headers 6 - Avoid using internal-only websites under a virtual host Testing for Host Header Injection. By following this SOP, we aim MantisBT Host Header Injection vulnerability High severity GitHub Reviewed Published Feb 20, 2024 in mantisbt/mantisbt • Updated Feb 29, 2024. These attacks are possible when an application passes unsafe user-supplied data (forms, cookies, HTTP headers, etc. The consequences of such attacks vary depending on how a web app processes the Host header content. HTTP Host header attacks exploit vulnerable websites that handle the value of the Host header in an unsafe way. 6, 9. gov websites use HTTPS A lock or https:// means you've safely connected to the . Therefore it’s possible to make the following request. Table of Content. In this vulnerability, the header of the HTTP request is changed to exploit the web application’s trust in the Host header. The vulnerability is a result of the application's failure to check user supplied input before using it in an SQL query. 0 could allow a remote attacker to exploit this vulnerability by injecting arbitrary HTTP headers. 0: CVSS:3. Please refer to the impact section for understanding the impact. " View Analysis Description The consequences of Host Header Injection can be severe, including website takeover, data breaches, brand damage, legal repercussions, loss of revenue, and compromised user trust. LDAP Injection is an attack used to exploit web based applications that construct LDAP statements based on user input. In the following Java example, user-controlled data is added to the HTTP headers and returned to the client. Read about password reset poisoning, which is the most common use of Host header attacks. Protection against Host header attacks will require multiple checks that depend on the application target architecture, like support for a virtual host, use of a reverse proxy, and presence in certain cloud environments, the support Known v1. Without proper validation of the header value, Host Header Injection is an attack that exploits the way web servers and applications handle the Host header in HTTP requests. CWE-ID CWE Name Source; CWE-116: Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output: A ZITADEL fronting proxy can be configured to delete all Forwarded and X-Forwarded-Host header values before sending requests to ZITADEL self-hosted environments. Initial testing is as simple as supplying another domain (i. Unlike An issue was discovered in the web application in Cherwell Service Management (CSM) 10. We Host header injection is a type of security vulnerability that can occur in web servers such as Apache, Nginx, and IIS. A user would then be redirected to the arbitrary domain. 0 CVSS Version 3. Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic. To prevent HTTP Host header attacks, the simplest approach is to avoid using the Host header altogether in server I Found a host header injection on a Hackerone target frontegg which lead to open redirect and cache poisoning. 1 headers are sent through a proxy configured for HTTP 1. This header may expose internal IP addresses that are usually hidden or masked behind a Network Address Translation (NAT) Firewall or proxy server. CVE-2023-24044 GHSA ID. The trusted headers are removed when doing internal sub-requests and the remote client is not trusted. Very often This QID reports the absence of the following HTTP headers according to CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure: X-Frame-Options: This HTTP response header improves the protection of web applications against Mapping Friendly For users who are mapping an issue to CWE/CAPEC IDs, i. Simple Mail The consequences of command injection attacks include data loss and integrity and unauthorized remote access to the machine that hosts the susceptible application. CWE-918: Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) has climbed from 32nd in 2019 to 19th in 2023, Host Header Injection. The patch for this issue is available here for branch 2. This technique is instrumental in a shared hosting environment, where an attacker can use it to make requests to other servers. twisted/twisted. 1+2020120201 was discovered to allow attackers to perform an account takeover via a host header injection attack. Remediation CWE-644. 15 was discovered to allow attackers to perform an account takeover via a host header injection attack. attacker. It is how the web server processes the header value that dictates the impact. 4. This might even be the intended behavior of the application. GHSA-x848-fc4r-xcw9. It accepts and reflects arbitrary domains supplied via a client-controlled Host A common configuration for fronting application servers using NGINX is to set the host header and :. 0 NVD enrichment efforts reference publicly available information to CWE-ID CWE Name The "HOST" header is part of the http protocol, vulnerable applications are vulnerable because they insert the value of this header into the application code without proper validation, this means not only applications hosted on Apache/Nginx can be vulnerable. Created: September 11, 2012 Latest Update: December 29, 2020 . HTTP header injection is a technique that can be used to facilitate malicious attacks such as cross-site scripting, web cache poisoning, and more. They don’t always know where to send the request, though. This behavior can be exploited to send copies of emails to third parties, attach viruses, deliver phishing attacks, and often alter the content of emails. 1 allows HTTP Host header injection with (for example) resultant wkhtml2pdf PDF printing by authenticated users. The header value should be processed only if it appears on an approved/safe list of FQDNs. rules. GHSA-m2jh-fxw4-gphm. An issue was discovered in Embedthis GoAhead 2. A modified HTTP header can change links on the webpage to an arbitrary value, leading to a possible attack vector for MITM. CVE-2022-24181 GHSA ID. CVE-2024-45194: TBD - Host header injection CWE-20-4. IBM Maximo Asset Management 7. These attacks are used for everything from data theft to site defacement to distribution of malware. 8, and 9. How to exploit this misconfiguration? Initial testing is as simple as supplying another domain (i. Attackers exploit seemingly innocuous parts of the web's infrastructure by tampering with the Host header in HTTP requests that potentially cause web servers to misroute traffic, disclose sensitive information, or execute malicious code. Example: tool developers, security This script identifies Host Header Injection vulnerabilities in a list of URLs or a specific domain, outputting the vulnerable locations along with the specific headers causing A vulnerability in the Cisco Application-hosting Framework (CAF) component for Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software with the IOx feature set could allow an unauthenticated, A password reset poisoning vulnerability happens when a web application uses the Host header of an HTTP request to create password reset links. 38. You can enter multiple hosts, separated by The HTTP header injection vulnerability is a web application security term that refers to a situation when the attacker tricks the web application into inserting extra HTTP headers into legitimate HTTP responses. It is how the web server processes the header value that dictates the impact. Follow answered Feb 11, 2019 at 13:52. This can be exploited by abusing password reset emails. DevSecOps Catch critical bugs; ship more secure software, more quickly. Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE) is a list of software weaknesses. 70. 3. If the server implicitly trusts the Host header, and fails to validate or escape it properly, an attacker may be able to use this input to inject harmful payloads that manipulate server-side behavior. By sending a request with a Host header that contains an invalid port it was possible to force the caching system to cache a response that contains a redirect to the invalid port. Net will automatically check the response headers and encode CRLF characters when the configuration option EnableHeaderChecking is true (the default value). com/FriendsOfPHP A host header injection vulnerability in the forgot password function of FullStackHero's WebAPI Boilerplate v1. This was necessary because I noticed that if I made a raw request like this (two Host headers): GET / HTTP / 1. westonsteimel Analyst; Loading Checking history. A Host Header Injection issue on the Login page of Plesk Obsidian through 18. x branch is currently on the dev branch of the idno/known repository. What is Host Header Injection? Host header injection is a web vulnerability that occurs when an attacker is able to manipulate or control the Host header in an HTTP request. In this case, enter a list of the host servers that are trusted. example. -Missing "Content-Security-Policy" header -Missing "X-Content-Type-Options" header -Missing "X-XSS-Protection" header -It was observed that server banner is getting disclosed in HTTP response header injection is a security vulnerability that occurs when an attacker can inject malicious content into the response headers returned by a web server. The Host Header Vulnerability Scanner is a command-line tool designed to detect and identify potential Host Header Injection vulnerabilities in web applications. NVD enrichment efforts reference Learn how to exploit vulnerabilities in the HTTP Host header that can lead to various attacks, such as password reset poisoning, web cache poisoning, SSRF, In an incoming HTTP request, web servers often dispatch the request to the target virtual host based on the value supplied in the Host header. Complete For users who wish to see all available information for the CWE/CAPEC entry. It was identified during the audit that the reset-password URL is crafted using the "Host" HTTP header of the request sent to request a password reset. The Host header is part of the Learn how to identify and exploit HTTP Host header attacks, which can allow you to bypass security controls and access unauthorized resources. The attacker is able to control the entirety of the HTTP body for their custom requests. ) to a system shell, which is usually executed with the privileges of eramba through c2. Assume all input is malicious. Mapping Friendly For users who are mapping an issue to CWE/CAPEC IDs, i. htaccess File Detected: CWE-443: Access-Control-Allow-Origin header with wildcard (*) value: CWE-284: CWE-284: Informational: ACME mini_httpd arbitrary file In Splunk Enterprise versions below 8. Credits A host header injection vulnerability in the HTTP handler component of Crafty Controller allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) condition via a modified host header. 5: Minor: 8. Fortunately, Host header injection attacks are not unavoidable. 0 Beta2: Lucideus Web-cache poisoning using the Host header was first raised as a potential attack vector by Carlos Beuno in 2008. Generally, there are three types of common attacks: HTTP Response Splitting, HTTP Response Smuggling, and HTTP Request Smuggling. This provides an attacker with the ability to inject arbitrary headers into the HTTP response, which is sent to a client. com" can be passed as the value of the Host header in the POST request. 2. v0lck3r Reporter; Loading Checking history. 10, but they are still under review and might change in future CWE versions. 1409: Comprehensive Categorization: Injection: MemberOf: View - a subset of CWE entries that provides a way of examining CWE content. NOTE: the vendor's position is "the ability to use arbitrary domain names to access the panel is an intended feature. . 9-beta1 and commit 3730880 (April 2023). Enter the Attacker’s domain Name or IP into Host Header value. It’s essential to ensure the security of both headers to protect against email header injection. com Host: someotherdomain. Submitting a request on the victim's behalf. This value is derived from the Host header, and can thus be set to anything by an attacker: The author in this section has shown a way to mitigate host header injection on Nginx and Apache2 web servers (Two of the most commonly used web servers for web application hosting) by validating An additional classification has been performed using the CWE classification, The affected application contains a Host header injection vulnerability that could allow an attacker to spoof a Host header information and redirect users 1- Use relative URLs as much as possible. An Mapping Friendly For users who are mapping an issue to CWE/CAPEC IDs, i. 2 are vulnerable to host header injection attacks that could allow an attacker to redirect users to malicious websites. This mechanism helps in Host Header Injection: Multiple subdomains can be hosted on a single web server. IBM X-Force ID: 193655. 9, and 9. WARNING: Even though this header can protect users of older web browsers that don't yet support CSP, in some cases, this header can create XSS vulnerabilities in otherwise safe Open redirection vulnerabilities arise when an application incorporates user-controllable data into the target of a redirection in an unsafe way. Malicious actors utilize IP spoofing to inject payloads via HTTP headers, leading to generating inaccurate logs or inject malicious payloads via HTTP headers for achieving Blind XSS to take over the admin’s account. If the webserver fails to validate or escape the Host Header properly, this could lead to harmful server-side behavior. By following certain security measures, you can protect your web application and mitigate the risk of an HTTP Host Header attack occurring. I. CWE More Specific: Injection Flaws: WASC: 19: SQL Injection: Software Fault Patterns: SFP24: Tainted input to command: OMG ASCSM: ASCSM-CWE-89: SEI CERT Oracle Coding Standard for Java: IDS00-J: The portswigger page on HTTP Host header attacks says that relative path usage helps to protect against HTTP Host header attacks. The client looks for a 100 (Continue) response before proceeding with the transmission. gov website. Application security We set here Host header www. It is frequently used by bug bounty hunters. Your script should filter metacharacters from user This is an old question, but for the sake of completeness, I'll add some thoughts. It’s crucial to address Host Header Injection vulnerabilities promptly to mitigate these risks. This could allow an attacker to conduct for example, to generate absolute URLs during the frontend rendering process. 1026: Weaknesses in OWASP Top Ten (2017) HasMember I have a C# asp. Demonstrations The following examples help to illustrate the nature of this weakness and describe methods or techniques which can be used to mitigate the risk. The Host header instructs the web server which subdomains to use in order to retrieve the resources. github. 100. Common Weakness Enumeration. A typical attack scenario would be for example: Lets suppose you have an application that you blindly trust the HOST header value and use it in the application without validating it. SQL injection in file-transfer system via a crafted Host header, as exploited in the wild per CISA KEV. 0 of the . com) into the Host header field. 3: Minor: 8. 2k次。本文详细介绍了Host头部注入漏洞的原理，该漏洞源于开发人员依赖不可信的HTTP_HOST变量，可能导致恶意代码执行。漏洞验证包括检查响应是否包含修改后的Host字段。修复方案包括服务器配置如Nginx和Apache的调整，以及应用程序中使用可信的SERVER_NAME代替Host头。 Historically there have been a slew of HTTP Host header attacks in which target webservers implicitly trust the Host header value with no/improper whitelist checking or sanitization. Solution: Validate user inputs in all headers including Host header and X-Forwarded-Host header. HTML injection is a type of injection vulnerability that occurs when a user is able to control an input point and is able to inject arbitrary HTML code into a vulnerable web page. 8. CVE-2023-27237 GHSA ID. CVE-2022-39348 GHSA ID. Sql Injection Test Files CWE Severity (Possible) Cross site scripting: CWE-79: CWE-79: Informational. Improve this answer. 11 Patch3 8. Make sure to configure a catch-all server block (Nginx) or VirtualHost (Apache) to catch all requests with Description This indicates an attempt to exploit a SQL Injection vulnerability through HTTP headers. The host header attribute is also something that can be changed by the client. 1 may allow an attacker to spoof a particular header. The attack is valid when the web server processes the input to send the request to an attacker-controlled host that resides at the supplied domain, and not to an internal virtual host that resides on the web If the application includes the host header while creating a new password reset links, an attacker can modify the host header with a domain that behind his control. GHSA-r5c5 HTTP header injection can also be used to extract sensitive data. Description; Potential impact; Attack patterns Host Header Injection Attack - irccloud. com. Introduction:. This is a very bad idea, Construct HTTP headers very carefully, avoiding the use of non-validated input data. 3 allows remote attackers to inject arbitary code via the X-Forwarded-Host Header. What is a HOST Header? The Host request header is the mandatory header (as per HTTP/1. CVE-2024-39736 IBM Datacap Navigator 9. How to fix this vulnerability. An attack using SQL injection (CWE-89) might not initially succeed, Bug Pattern: SMTP_HEADER_INJECTION. GET / HTTP/1. X-Host. Metrics CWE-ID CWE Name Source; CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') Một số trường hợp có thể bị tấn công Host header injection. Metrics Burp Suite Enterprise Edition The enterprise-enabled dynamic web vulnerability scanner. 107949. When using HttpCache, the values of the X-Forwarded-Host headers are implicitly set as trusted Microweber v1. An HTTP header consists of its case-insensitive name followed by a colon (:), then by its value. 1 allows attackers to leak the password reset token via a crafted request. Vulnerability details CWE-79 CVE ID. 0 Beta2-107948. 6. CI-driven scanning More proactive security - find and fix vulnerabilities earlier. Impact: Blind-stored XSS attacks allow adversaries to inject malicious scripts into the application’s database. It is typically exploited by spammers looking to If the host header injection exists the attacker will receive the reset token and rest the password to his liking. Base level weaknesses typically describe issues in terms of 2 or 3 of the following dimensions: behavior, Published: 22 September 2022 at 14:00 UTC Updated: 26 September 2022 at 14:26 UTC HTTP header injection is often under-estimated and misclassified as a moderate severity flaw equivalent to XSS or worse, Open Redirection. Host Header Injection is a critical web vulnerability that poses significant risks to the security of web applications. GHSA-mcqj-7p29-9528. CWE-74 CVE ID. This vulnerability can have many consequences, like disclosure of a user’s session cookies that could be used to impersonate the victim, or, more generally, it can allow the attacker to modify the page content A Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) issue that allowed an attacker to inject and execute malicious code via email account configurations has been resolved. Open burpsuite and capture the first 文章浏览阅读3. View - a subset of CWE entries that provides a way of examining CWE content. host to generate a password reset link. CWE-601 CVE ID. Khi không thực hiện kiểm tra yêu cầu của người dùng, kẻ tấn công có thể tiêm nhiễm những payloads độc hại vào HTTP Header; Ngay cả khi HTTP Header được xử lý an toàn hơn, Dell iDRAC8 versions prior to 2. 3. To secure the Apache web server against Host Header Injection, a potential security vulnerability that can lead to various attacks like phishing and cache poisoning. By manipulating the host header value in an HTTP request, A host header injection vulnerability in the HTTP handler component of Crafty Controller allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) condition via a modified Using the HTTP Host header to construct a link in an email can facilitate phishing attacks and leak password reset tokens. Example: tool developers, security Host Header Injection in Spiceworks 7. Another way to pass arbitrary Host headers is to use the X-Forwarded-Host header. The hostname header can be controlled by the client. 20. Vulnerability Description: An attacker can manipulate the Host header as seen by the web application and cause the application to behave in unexpected ways. A website or web application’s host header defines which website or web application should handle an incoming HTTP request. An attacker can construct a URL within the application that causes a redirection to an arbitrary external domain. If poor SQL commands are used to check user names and A Host Header Injection vulnerability in qdPM 9. The researcher report indicates that versions 1. dregad Remediation developer; Kerkroups Finder; Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Host Header Injection. This header is required because it is relatively common for servers to host webpages and apps at the same IP address. 9 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers. Given that the data is not subject to neutralization, a malicious user may be able to CWE-644 : Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes web scripting syntax in HTTP headers Source code review is the best method of detecting if applications are vulnerable to injections. If it is not correctly hand loaded by the web server, it can be the target of a variety of assaults. The below is an example of how an attacker could potentially exploit a host header injection CWE: 93: CVSS:3. When using HttpCache, the values of the X-Forwarded-Host headers are implicitly set as trusted while this should be forbidden, leading to potential host header injection. Persistent XSS CWE-79: CVE-2018-10948: 3. Credits. How can I detect if my website is vulnerable to Host Header 6. X-Forwarded-Server. The safest and most secure measure that you can set in place is to avoid using the HTTP Host Header Pimcore Host Header Injection in user invitation link High severity GitHub Reviewed Published Feb 19, 2024 in CWE-74 CVE ID. You can use ngrok server URL (for e. e. 0: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S the sending, receiving, and relaying of email on the server. com in any of the response headers (e. 6. The attack is valid when the web server processes the input to send the request to an attacker-controlled host that resides at the supplied domain, and not to an internal virtual host that resides on the web This type of attack can affect password reset forms and X-Forwarded-Host header as well. This behavior can be leveraged to facilitate phishing attacks against users of the application. By manipulating the host header value in an HTTP request The ability to induce an application to interact with an arbitrary external service, such as a web or mail server, does not constitute a vulnerability in its own right. The data is included in an HTTP response header sent to a web user without neutralizing malicious characters that can be interpreted as separator characters for headers. For concerns regarding SQL injection specifically, you should already be using prepared Preventing Host Header Injection Attacks. Find out how to test for vulnerabilities, You can sometimes use X-Forwarded-Host to inject your malicious input while circumventing any validation on the Host header itself. Metrics CWE-ID CWE Name Source; CWE-74: Improper CWE-644: Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers. These draft mappings were performed by members of the "Mapping CWE to 62443" subgroup of the CWE-CAPEC ICS/OT Special Interest Group (SIG), and their work is incomplete as of CWE 4. 7 are vulnerable to Host Header Injection. x CVSS Version 2. Vulnerability Scoring Details If an HTTP Header is built using string concatenation or string formatting, and the components of the concatenation include user input, a user is likely to be able to manipulate the response. https: CWE-79 CVE ID. However, in some cases, it Testing for Host Header Injection. Twisted vulnerable to NameVirtualHost Host header injection Moderate severity GitHub Reviewed Published Oct 26, 2022 in CWE-79 CWE-80 CVE ID. This vulnerability can lead to various attacks, such as cross-site scripting (XSS), session hijacking, cache poisoning , and phishing . 5, 9. ) in the request headers. Certain pages (such as goform/login and config/log_off_page. This cached response can be later served to victims resulting in denial of service. Add line wrapping. net application. addHeader (HEADER_NAME, untrustedRawInputData); See Host Header attacks represent a serious risk to web applications, demonstrating the importance of secure coding practices. Remediation. CVE-2024-1064 GHSA ID. But HHI can lead to serious attacks with many different possibilities. Metrics CVSS Version 4. This vulnerability occurs when an attacker can manipulate the Host header in an HTTP request to trick the server into processing the request as if it were intended for a different domain. 1 and prior are vulnerable. NOTE: This header is relevant to be applied in pages Secure . CWE-ID Weakness Name; 80: Improper Neutralization of It was noticed that upon manipulating the Host header, in the POST request, to an arbitrary domain, it was possible to inject the Host header into the URL redirection in the 302 response. Since the host header itself is provided by the client, it Vulnerability Mapping: ALLOWED This CWE ID may be used to map to real-world vulnerabilities Abstraction: Base Base - a weakness that is still mostly independent of a resource or technology, but with sufficient details to provide specific methods for detection and prevention. Example of email injection. LavaLite/cms. This vulnerability must be investigated and confirmed manually. 1 Host: attacker. In some configurations this header will rewrite the value of the Host header. Example: tool developers, security researchers. 0 and v1. 5. I have used Python web server’s IP(172. 8, and In many cases, developers are trusting the HTTP Host header value and using it to generate links, import scripts and even generate password resets links with its value. 75 contain a host header injection vulnerability. Variant level weaknesses typically describe issues in terms of 3 to 5 of the following dimensions: behavior, The default ServerName configuration of the all-in-one and docker-compose based Docker containers of OpenProject allow for HOST header injection if they are operated without a proxying web server / load balancer in front of it with a proper ServerName setup. Metrics CVSS A host header injection vulnerability exists in gugoan's Economizzer v. 10). Vulnerability Mapping: ALLOWED This CWE ID may be used to map to real-world vulnerabilities Abstraction: Variant Variant - a weakness that is linked to a certain type of product, typically involving a specific language or technology. CVE ID CVSS 9. It looks like a false positive as ASP. By sending a specially crafted host header in the reset Loading Loading Vulnerability Mapping: ALLOWED This CWE ID may be used to map to real-world vulnerabilities Abstraction: Base Base - a weakness that is still mostly independent of a resource or technology, but with sufficient details to provide specific methods for detection and prevention. This way, an external attacker could send password requests for users, but specify a "Host" header of a website that they control. If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at security@zitadel. Location header) or in any of the response body URLs, then you're vulnerable. 0 allowing the attacker to render arbitrary links that point to a malicious website with poisoned Host header webpages. htm) create links containing a hostname obtained from an arbitrary HTTP Host header sent by an attacker. This is available since version 2. Target:portal. When an application fails to properly sanitize user input, it's possible to modify LDAP statements through techniques similar to SQL Injection. Given that the data is not subject to neutralization, a malicious user may be able to inject dangerous scripting tags that will lead to script execution in the client browser. 2 is the last version tagged on GitHub and in Packagist, and development related to the 1. Loading Checking history. example-host. Attackers would quite certainly use the absolute-uri trick to inject the bad header and be sure to reach the right virtualhost. Source code. Burp Suite Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Host Header Injection. 6 and below in /exponent_constants. HTTP Host Header. This web application is using a caching system. For example, the domain "example. X-Forwarded-Host. Host Header Injection. 12, 8. It was sent to security assessment and below were the risks. 0 Patch10 8. com the if-checks would pass (because of the first Host header), but the second Host header would be passed Therefore, it’s possible to send requests with arbitrary host headers to the first virtual host. A web server commonly hosts several web applications on the same IP address, referring to each application via the virtual host. This makes it susceptible to SQL injection attacks. Application security testing See how our software enables the world to secure the web. This vulnerability allows an attacker to manipulate the host header in a request and redirect the user to a malicious website. A host header injection vulnerability in the HTTP handler component of Crafty Controller allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to trigger a Denial of Service (DoS) condition via a modified host header. Đặt vấn đề 1. Resolution. In this guide, The Taxonomy_Mappings to ISA/IEC 62443 were added in CWE 4. This could potentially be used in SMTP header injection vulnerabilities arise when user input is placed into email headers without adequate sanitization, allowing an attacker to inject additional headers with arbitrary values. com for target URL my-app. 5 years later there's no shortage of sites implicitly trusting the host header so I'll focus on the practicalities of poisoning caches. com An attacker can manipulate the Host header as seen by the web application and cause the application to behave in unexpected ways. Such attacks are often difficult as all modern standalone caches are Host-aware; they will never assume that the following two An attacker can manipulate the Host header as seen by the web application and cause the application to behave in unexpected ways. Note that using @HeaderValue instead of @QueryValue is not vulnerable since Micronaut's HTTP server does validate the headers passed to the server, so the exploit can only be triggered by using user data that is not an HTTP header (query values, form data etc. Supply an arbitrary Host header. CWE-ID CWE Name Source; SecurityScorecard 1140 Avenue of the Americas 19th Floor New York, NY 10036 info@securityscorecard. By sending a specially crafted host header in the reset password request, it is possible to send password reset links to users which once clicked lead to an attacker controlled server and thus leading to password Host Header Injection is considered an informational or P5 severity vulnerability, unless you can demonstrate a significant impact, such as an account takeover using the ‘forgot password’ Attack surface visibility Improve security posture, prioritize manual testing, free up time. Share. But in some cases, this is not even required (as may be in LavaLite CMS vulnerable to host header injection attack Moderate severity GitHub Reviewed Published May 12, 2023 to the GitHub Advisory Database • Updated Nov 5, 2023. Example¶ The following example uses the req. However, in many cases, it can indicate a Expect: Utilized by the client to convey expectations that the server needs to meet for the request to be processed successfully. php. In short, it is possible to fake this value in certain contexts/configurations. 75. CVE-2024-23830 GHSA ID. 1 Host: mydomain. 0-alpha to v5. This is where the Host From SQL Injection to Host Header Injection, each type of injection attack exploits weaknesses in input validation and handling, leading to unauthorized access, data theft, system compromise, and E-Series SANtricity OS Controller Software 11. https://randomString. Acunetix cannot fully determine if this vulnerability is exploitable, however it verified that the Host header is reflected in the response body and that a part of the Location header can be manipulated via user input. Penetration testing Accelerate penetration testing - find . Click on the Send button and notice response 301 which HTTP Security Response Headers Cheat Sheet (XSS) and data injection attacks. CVE-2024-23648 The interpretation of HTTP responses can be manipulated if response headers include a space between the header name and colon, or if HTTP 1. Intercept the request: Now manipulate the host header to point to your domain. Dell iDRAC8 versions prior to 2. Trong giao thức HTTP, trường Header Host được sử dụng để chỉ định tên miền (domain name) của máy chủ web được đang được truy cập hoặc đang trả về nội dung. Version 1. 2 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, By sending a specially crafted HTTP request, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to inject HTTP HOST header, which will allow the attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, CWE-ID CWE Name ## Summary: Hello Team, While performing security testing on your Main Domain, I found a Host Header Injection Vulnerability. The value of this header is used by the web server to send the request to the specified website or online application. Host header được sử dụng trong các yêu cầu HTTP cho phép máy chủ web nhận biết tên miền được yêu cầu và phục vụ What is an HTTP Host Header? The HTTP host header is a request header that defines the domain to which a client (browser) wants to connect. Operating public facing docker containers is not recommended by OpenProject. when running in this configuration, the end result is a combination of what the browser does, After knowing that web application is vulnerable to host header injection you should modify the host with attackers host in request and check in response if it gives you 200 OK CWE: 113 WASC: 25: Technologies Targeted: All Tags: CWE-113 OWASP_2017_A01 OWASP_2021_A03 More Info: Scan Rule Help: Summary. Host Header Injection is a type of web-based attack that occurs when an attacker provides an arbitrary host header to a web application. x versions through 11. yaml. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. So, to be clear, assuming the cache provider is willing to cache responses for requests with two entirely different host headers (I’m not sure how CloudFlare handles this or how other providers would handle this), then could be a viable vector of attack using just a host (or equivalent) header injection and a 301, but it’s something that needs to be addressed via Password Reset Request Captured in the Proxy Tool. com A Host Header Injection vulnerability in Feehi CMS 2. Inject host override headers. 4. Security scan tools may flag Host Header related findings as a vulnerability. Obtain the server’s host name from a configuration file and avoid relying on the Host header. 7. More specific than a Base weakness. The reference in term of hosts headers attack is Practical Host header attacks (2013) and is still valid. References. com/advisories/GHSA-m2jh-fxw4-gphm. 7, 9. io) instead of python web server if you want. When a payload is injected directly into the Host header of a HTTP Request, this is referred to as a Host Header Injection Attack. None. This type of attack is categorized as an Input Validation vulnerability (CWE-20) and is covered under the OWASP Testing Guide v4. In an incoming HTTP request, web servers often dispatch the request to the target virtual host based on the value supplied in the Host header. ngrok. Custom For users who want to customize what details are By default, in Internet Information Server (IIS), the Content-Location references the IP address of the server rather than the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) or Hostname. External service interaction arises when it is possible to induce an application to interact with an arbitrary external service, such as a web or mail server. This can be exploited in web browsers and other applications when used in combination with various proxy The fastcgi_param directive sets the value of the Host header that is passed to PHP. Vulnerability details CWE-74 CVE ID. XSS in HTTP Headers attacks target the HTTP headers which are hidden from most users and may not be Use an automated injection attack tool to inject various script payloads into each identified entry point using a list of Each related weakness is identified by a CWE identifier. 10. Automated testing of all parameters, headers, URL, cookies, JSON, SOAP, and XML data inputs is strongly encouraged. mantisbt/mantisbt. the Host header in an HTTP request can Vulnerability Mapping: ALLOWED This CWE ID may be used to map to real-world vulnerabilities Abstraction: Base Base - a weakness that is still mostly independent of a resource or Response Headers. 0. A vulnerability exploitable without a target Host Header Injection vulnerability in the http management interface in Brocade Fabric OS versions before v9. 1)that specifies the host and port Known v1. Metrics CWE Name Source; CWE-79: A HTTP Host header attack exists in ExponentCMS 2. X-HTTP-Host-Override If you see evil. 49 allows attackers to redirect users to malicious websites via a Host request header. , use a list of In the following Java example, user-controlled data is added to the HTTP headers and returned to the client. In this post, I'll share a simple technique I used to take a header injection vulnerability, make it critical, and earn a $12,500 bounty. Base level weaknesses typically describe issues in terms of 2 or 3 of the following dimensions: behavior, 1. 1. ). It contains three main parts that are used in the SMTP header injection later on we will discuss this : Header: In this A host header injection vulnerability in the forgot password function of FullStackHero's WebAPI Boilerplate v1. CVE-2024-25625 GHSA ID. Inject duplicate Host headers. CWE-78 describes OS Command Injection as follows: therefore, an attack in which the goal is the execution of arbitrary commands on the host operating system. Because email injection is based on injecting end-of-the-line characters, it is sometimes considered a type of CRLF injection attack. Authenticated remote adversaries can poison this header resulting in an adversary controlling the execution flow for the 302 HTTP status. 0, allowing for HTTP response smuggling. When using HttpCache, the values of the X-Forwarded-Host headers are implicitly and wrongly set as trusted, leading to potential host header injection. A common use case involves the Expect: 100-continue header, which signals that the client intends to send a large data payload. 2, Splunk Enterprise fails to properly validate and escape the Host header, which could let a remote authenticated user conduct various attacks against the system, including cross-site scripting and cache poisoning. pimcore/admin-ui-classic-bundle. GHSA-2wmj-46rj-qm2w User controlled environment variable value injection: CWE-89: JavaScript/TypeScript: js/sql-injection-more-sources: Database query built from user-controlled sources with additional heuristic sources: CWE-693: JavaScript/TypeScript: js/host-header-forgery-in-email-generation: Host header poisoning in email generation: CWE-693: JavaScript A Host header injection vulnerability has been discovered in SecZetta NEProfile 3. Snipe-IT is a free, open-source IT asset/license management systemIn Snipe-IT, versions v3. GHSA-94q4-v5g6-qp7x. Server-side code injection vulnerabilities arise when an application incorporates user-controllable data into a string that is dynamically evaluated by a code interpreter. If an attacker is able to inject HTTP headers that activate CORS (cross-origin resource sharing), this will enable them to get JavaScript access to resources that are otherwise protected by SOP (same-origin policy) which prevents access between sites with different origins. LDAP Injection¶. For example, the web server takes the host header from the user HTTP Header Injection HTTP header injection is a general class of web application security vulnerability which occurs when Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) headers are dynamically generated based on user input. Here are the best practices for preventing attackers using Host Header: Do not use Host Header in the code; If you have to use it, validate it in every page An HTTP Host header injection vulnerability exists in YzmCMS V5. A remote unauthenticated attacker may potentially exploit this vulnerability by injecting arbitrary ‘Host’ header values to poison a web-cache or trigger redirections. CVE-2020-12271. 1425 In the following Java example, user-controlled data is added to the HTTP headers and returned to the client. Impact. The ability to trigger arbitrary external service interactions does not constitute a vulnerability in its own right, and in some cases might even be the intended behavior of the application. Cross-site scripting (XSS) via Host Header injection in PKP Open Journals System 2. CWE-ID CWE Name Source; CWE-200: Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor: The vulnerability involves a Host Header Injection in the `invitationLinkAction` function of the UserController, The host header from incoming HTTP requests is used unsafely when generating URLs. Custom For users who want to customize what details are Injection of common Host override-headers, like X-Host, X-Forwarded-Server, X-HTTP-Host-Override; Recommendation. CWE-ID CWE Name Source; HTTP Response Header Injection, also known as HTTP Response Splitting, is an input validation vulnerability that occurs when an attacker is able to inject a malicious payload into an HTTP response header. If the user data is not strictly validated, an attacker can use crafted input to modify the code to be executed, and inject arbitrary code that will be executed by the server. Host Header Injection (HHI) is a type of web vulnerability that is often ignored. A host header injection vulnerability exists in the forgot password functionality of ArrowCMS version 1. The Reply-To header allows the recipient to easily respond to the sender through their email client. GHSA-vg46-2rrj-3647. 1 and 7. Without proper validation of the header value, Accessing a crafted URL which points to an affected product may cause malicious script executed on the web browser. Cookie can be set via CRLF Attack surface visibility Improve security posture, prioritize manual testing, free up time. ** Web cache poisoning ** If the Host header is reflected in the response markup without HTML-encoding, or even used directly in script imports. The two main view structures are Slices (flat lists) and Graphs (containing relationships between entries). let’s start. 1 was discovered to allow attackers to perform an account takeover via a host header injection attack. Questions. CWE-ID Weakness Name; 80: Improper Neutralization of The HTTP X-XSS-Protection response header is a feature of Internet Explorer, Chrome, and Safari that stops pages from loading when they detect reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. Net framework and will also protect the response header against CRLF chars present in the cookie name. More broadly, you should not make server-side use of the header at all in order to avoid this particular vulnerability. , finding the most appropriate CWE for a specific issue (e. Email injection What is email injection? Email injection is a vulnerability that lets a malicious hacker abuse email-related functionality, such as email contact forms on web pages, to send malicious email content to arbitrary recipients. Vulnerability details CWE-20 CWE-644 CVE ID. CVE-2021-41114 GHSA ID. au. # How To Fix Host Header Injection To fix Host header injection attacks, you must have a secure web server configuration. com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/typo3/cms-core/CVE-2021-41114. The software is out of date or vulnerable (see A06:2021-Vulnerable and Outdated Components ). A malicious user can poison a web cache or trigger redirections. Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. The Host header, which Attackers can inject host headers with HTTP request header injection, allowing for request smuggling to make multiple requests. 2. This query covers every way of adding headers to a Flask, Django and Werkzeug response and looks for user-input appended to that headers' name/value. A host header injection vulnerability in the forgot password function of FullStackHero's WebAPI Boilerplate v1. Base level weaknesses typically describe issues in terms of 2 or 3 of the following dimensions: behavior, Host header injection in the password reset It was identified during the audit that the reset-password URL is crafted using the "Host" HTTP header of the request sent to request a password reset. , a CVE record). Exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to redirect users to malicious websites. By sending a specially crafted host header in the forgot password request, it is possible to send password reset links to users which, once clicked, lead to an attacker-controlled server and thus leak the password reset token. The web application should use the SERVER_NAME instead of the Host header. Given that the data is not subject to neutralization, a malicious user may be able to Since SQL databases generally hold sensitive data, loss of confidentiality is a frequent problem with SQL injection vulnerabilities. A malicious user can send an HTTP request to the targeted web site, HTTP Host Header Injection Moderate severity GitHub Reviewed Published Oct 5, 2021 in TYPO3/typo3 • Updated Feb 5, 2024. Solution. These are conditions whose primary purpose is to increase security and/or increase exploit engineering complexity. ID; WSTG-INPV-17: Summary. Without proper validation of the header value, the attacker can supply invalid input to cause the web server to: A Host Header Injection issue on the Login page of Plesk Obsidian through 18. OS Command Injection [CWE-78] OS Command Injection weakness describes improper neutralization of special elements, which could result in modification of the intended OS command that is sent to a downstream component. 11. TRUSTED_HOSTS_CONFIGURATION: When enableHostsWhitelist is set to true, the protection against the host header injection is enabled. Metrics CWE-ID CWE Name Source; CWE-74: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') What is an HTTP Header? HTTP headers let the client and the server pass additional information with an HTTP request or response. The PHP code below is an example of a common contact form that is vulnerable to email injection attack. response. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i. GHSA-3qpq-6w89-f7mx. By sending a specially crafted HTTP request, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to inject HTTP HOST header, which will allow the attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting, cache poisoning or session hijacking. 💡 The collection of HTTP response security headers mentioned in this section is applicable when the user agent processing the HTTP response is a browser. A community-developed list of SW & HW weaknesses that environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. htt otfynzw yrqab kagx ocrmk igzquhu fkffkqkb cbkaw xbabzov zdjk