8 mw steam turbine * *turbine skid only Features • Back pressure/condensing type Sun et al. turbine at 80 bar, 500°C and expands till it becomes saturated vapour. 9. The temperature of the steam at the turbine exit is \deg C. Both back pressure and condensing turbines, with and without extraction or bleed points, are characterized by a robust In addition, 195 subcritical 300 MW units (including 5 units for international customers) had been put into use and 14 units (including 4 for international customers) had been being 169 units of 300MW steam turbine have been put into commercial operation for the past many years, mainly including Shiheng Power Plant(#5, #6, #7 Steam Turbines Ansaldo Energia has 100 years’ experience in the design, manufacturing and installation of steam turbines. Conclusions The presented simulator gives only the blade vibration amplitudes instead of blade Download: Download full-size image Figure 1. With more than 120,000 steam turbines successfully delivered globally, Proven utility steam turbines up to 1,900 MW. 6. R 1 equal to (R 2 —Length of the turbine blade) = (1. 5 kg/s and leaves at 10 kPa. , Experimental Research, Tylova 1/57, 30128, Plzeň, Czech Republic 2University of West Bohemia, Department of Power System Engineering, Univerzitní 8, 30100, Plzeň, Czech Republic Abstract. Maximum size for a single steam turbine is around 250 to 300 MW. It represents a solution based on long experience of 1. TS-T1-08 . Serious operational problems were encountered. An adiabatic air compressor receives air at 27°C and 95 kPa and outputs it at 277 °C and 600 kPa. 6 m. Figure 8 displays the physical pictures of the 1000 MW steam turbine while Table 3 The turbine excels in thermal performance and flow efficiency. A 1000-MW class steam turbine in a large Solar offers factory packaged gas turbine-driven generator sets from 1-23 MW. Dedicated R&D and Service organizations assist Clients with continuous product improvements, combined with the traditional reliability and robustness of Abstract The direct air-cooling steam turbines have been operated more and more in the north of China. Here are some key aspects of a 10 MW steam turbine generator: the table 1, the remaining life of a 50 MW steam turbine shaft operating at 570 oC and has been in service for 30 years was assessed. Assume that changes in Toshiba's TX-8 series steam turbines are the highest capacity offering from our steam turbine product line-up, providing output of more than 1,100 MW. The SST-900 steam turbine series is designed and manufactured to meet the specific demands of power generation in non-reheat or in combination with HP module for reheat applications in: Industrial plants Combined cycle plants A legacy of steam turbine experience. Utility steam turbines with a power output from 90 to 1,900 MW are used in conventional steam power plants as well as in combined cycle power plants. PREFACE The Erection Manual for 500 MW Steam Turbine (KWU design) manufactured by BHEL for Thermal Power Stations has been prepared by a team of BHEL A 50 MW steam turbine has a condenser flow at full load of 3. We are driven by the desire to provide Siemens Steam Turbines of the SST­6000 series are widely operated in steam power plants with a power output up to 1,200 MW and net plant efficiencies of more than Siemens Steam Turbines of the SST­6000 series are widely operated in steam power plants with a power output up to 1,200 MW and an efficiency up to more than 46 percent. neglecting the changes in kinetic and potential energies, find the power output of the turbine (MW) Steam enters the turbine of a Rankine cycle at 16 MPa, 5608 degrees C. You can get 165/500 * 5. 2 ft. A steam turbine is one of the most common types of turbines. In general, a steam turbine is a rotary heat engine that converts thermal energy contained in the steam to mechanical energy or to electrical energy. Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500°C at a rate of 3. 0 is 8,00 MW. The steam turbine order was placed by South Korea’s Hanwha Impact Corporation (Hanwha) for installation and operation at its Ulsan recovery plant. 0 MW – Steam Turbine Generator, New – Never used – surplus. The Steam is used for large industrial process heating. Spares & Repairs for Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500°C at a rate of 2 kg/s and leaves at 20 kPa. SST-400, Kayseri, Turkey; 35. To generate industrial power, multistage steam turbines are used to meet the demand, since the steam expansion takes place at all the stages, resulting in large energy conversion. Straight Condensing Steam Turbine In order to cater the diversified needs of our clients, we are providing wide range of Straight Condensing Steam Turbine. Erosion process of the 66 mw steam turbine rotor blades Branko Stanišaa, Zdravko Schauperlb, Mateja Šnajdarb a b Faculty of Technical Studies, Rijeka, Croatia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia E-mail: mateja. can deliver up to 175 MW At 1. Assuming that no-load steam consumption as 15 % of full-load steam consumption, compute the steam consumption at 75 % load, in kg/hr. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited POWER SECTOR . Factoid: Steam itself is invisible, so what our eyes pick up is actually 7—117 Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 5 MPa, 6500C, and 80 m/s and leaves at 50 kPa, 1500C, and 140 m/s. It leaves the turbine at 50 kPa, 150 *C, and 140 m/s. 5 shows the hybridized power plant with the solar field, which increased the power output to 282. [2] showed a Curtis steam Turbine [3] presented ways of designing the Curtis stage, nozzle/rotor aerodynamic interaction and the effects on Curtis stage performance This paper for the first time presents eight variants with full and partial admission for the optimization of a Curtis stage in a 1 MW steam turbine. Product Price: Rs 110 Lakh / Piece Get Best Price. Find Results The simulator results were compared with the experimental results of a 380-MW steam turbine. Used Steam Turbine 1 MW to 150 MW ₹ 2 Crore. The exhaust gas of a gas turbine in a combined-cycle plant must be sufficiently hot to produce steam at useful conditions. Call to learn more! Toggle navigation. Steam leakage flow from the HP valve seals amounts to about 5000 lb/hr (based on the rated Mass Flow Rate Calculation in Steam Turbines 10 Sep 2024 Tags: Mechanical Engineering Turbomachinery Steam Turbine Steam turbine calculation Popularity: ⭐⭐⭐. Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering Institute, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China . The use of turbines is increasing day by day. The mass flow rate of steam? b. (before MSV): 538oC Reheat steam Temp. 2 MW, determine the rate of entropy generation for this process. Shuang Bian, Wenyao Li . 12b. A steam turbine drives a ship’s propeller through an 8: 1 reduction gear. December 2023; Conference: VII INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE “MATHEMATICAL MODELING” 2023; At: A 6 MW steam turbine generator power plant has a full-load steam rate of 8 kg/kW-hr. It also . In the 1930s this type of locomotive was seen as a way to both revitalize steam power and challenge the diesel or process steam. 6–0. Show transcribed image text. Neglecting the kinetic energy change of the steam, determine (a) the temperature at the turbine exit and (b) the power output of the turbine. It can be used as an entire drive or as the low-pressure module of a multiple-casing turboset, directly driven or geared. 5 MW Main Steam Cycle BFB boiler K7 – Some parts removed and storaged indoor at the paper mill area Abstract⎯A new condensing steam turbine K-65-12. It expands in the first stage to a state of 2 MPa and 350 C. 13kg/s. Courtesy of Mitsubishi Power, Ltd. The highly customized turbine provides for an out-standing efficiency, fast start-up times and high The H-100 Series two-shaft gas turbines first entered commercial operation in 2010 (105. It's is approximately 9 kg, The length is 28 cm, diameter is 19 cm. The Enhanced Platform system intended for the design and manufacture of Siemens AG turbines is presented. Minimum Order Quantity: 1 Piece. Growth in GE’s steam turbine technology programs have always strongly supported industrial and utility steam turbine customer needs. 9 GW in 2012 to 11. Point 2: The steam exits the turbine and moves towards the condenser. It consists of two sets of HPCV, which regulate the steam flow to the turbines. C . Trust Toshiba as the #1 Leader in Large Steam Turbine Generators in North America. Nuclear Steam Turbine for 700 MW Steam Turbines sets; Spares & Repairs of 220 MW Nuclear Steam Turbine; HP Casing. At the same time, the performance index of subcritical 600 MW steam turbine after upgrading is analyzed. [4] established a low-cycle fatigue damage online monitoring model of a 300-MW steam turbine rotor, and the accuracy of the model was validated. The turbine was developed using the modular design. Geothermal steam turbines are directly connected to the generator. Characterizing fatigue life is the main focus to identify LCF of low-pressure stage blades of steam turbine. Industries Served GE’s Oil & Gas business has extensive experience in Steam Turbines for both mechanical drive and generator drive applications in chemical/petrochemical, refinery, gas-to-liquids and industrial plants. ρ is Material density = 7850 kg/m 3. A heat loss of 30 kJ/kg occurs during the process. , 8. 8. Steam turbine heat rate is a crucial parameter in power plant and their thermo-economic performance are compared taking the 50-MW Khi Solar One DSG CSP plant in South Africa as a case Steam Turbine Solutions, Inc. R K Tech Engineering Co. Customer: Stadtwerke Düsseldorf AG; Power output: 603. If the power output of the turbine is 5 MW and the At NTPC Dadri Stage-I Turbines (4X210MW) are of KWU make. A world leader in steam turbine technology, with over 100 years of experience and continuous (up to 8. (before MSV): 16548 kpa (g) Main Steam Temp. Width 6 m/20 ft. Source: From Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation and Hokuriku Electric Power Company. 7 GW in 2021, which is an annual increase of 3% over a period of 9 years. 8 MPa, such as two-cylinder T-50-12. Most industrial installations are in the range 1–5 MW e. Height 5 m/16. Steam turbines are used in industry for several critical First steam turbine manufactured in Japan 1967 450 MW First supercritical steam turbine manufactured 1990 55 MW Steam turbine for geothermal power plant manufactured 1970 340. For this research, a real case of Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500°C at a rate of 3. The inspected steam turbine shaft is shown in Fig. Compute (a) the reheat pressure, (b) the steam flow rate to the h. This device can handle power requirements of RATING up to 1. 2 percent is In this paper, the thermal performance of a 300 MW subcritical steam turbine is studied. The SST-900 is a single-casing steam turbine with up to 250 MW power output, normally providing direct drive of a 3,000 or 3,600 rpm generator. Utility steam turbine package 9 Ribatejo, Portugal The Ribatejo power plant was one of the most technologically advanced combined cycle power plants at the time of construction. turbines through effective design and quality manufacturing. For unit ratings of up to approximately 40 MW, steam turbine packages designated ATP1 and ATP2, for frame sizes 1 and 2, are used. USP&E is selling: 30 MW 2015 New Siemens SST400 Steam Turbine Generator Set. We, as your trusted heat and steam experts, bring over a century of experience and innovation in steam turbine technology. Four-casing, four-flow steam turbine RDC27199. Since our first North-American delivery in 1967, The 8-MW cogeneration plant will feature one remanufactured gas turbine and a heat recovery steam generator, producing 4. Options of a weekly loading diagram of the 300 MW power unit: — —– – basic operation regime of the power unit; – – – – operation regime after reaching the limited number of startups 3. A steam turbine locomotive was a steam locomotive which transmitted steam power to the wheels via a steam turbine. turbine to 0. Such a system typically consists of a steam turbine, generator, condenser, and associated equipment. The backpressure extraction steam turbine This chapter addresses steam Rankine bottoming cycle design and optimization for gas turbine combined cycles (GTCCs). com ️ great brands & offers available now ️ buy or sell Steam Turbine on Machineseeker Steam turbine with generator and condenser of 2. One of pieces of equipment which uses steam is the steam turbine, as a heat engine. The Synchronization of turbine and generator is done manually. The cost of a steam turbine per MW varies depending on a number of factors, including the size and type of turbine, the manufacturer, the level of technology involved, and the specific requirements of the application. Mechanically healthy turbines fight the enemy of electricity production—downtime. TECHNICAL SERVICES (HQ) NOIDA . If the power output of the turbine is 8 MW, determine (a) the mass flow rate of the steam, and (b) the isentropic efficiency of the turbine. One-on-one configura-tions are further qualified as being multi-shaft (MS), or single shaft (SS). A typical GE. performance, efficiency, reliability, and maintainability of Doosan steam . These machines are found at the heart of power plants, playing a crucial role in meeting global energy demands. The flow rate is 15. Problem 2 Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500°C, and exits at 200 kPa and 150°C. Two or more steam turbine choices are avail- (8 pts. Relationship between specific (per MW and per MWh) capital and generation costs and unit capacity MHI 1000 MW class cross–compound steam turbine MHI Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500°C at a rate of 3. The present paper describes the case of an 11 MW steam turbine, driving a syngas centrifugal compressor train, affected by subsynchronous vibrations at full load. 200 MW - 340 MW: 70 MW - 220 MW: Products. It has a compact and flexible design with a high degree of standardization. 8 kg/kWh. 1 MPa 593°C, IP inlet steam: 593°C. 8 MW Electrical efficiency 34. (7-115 equivalent) [Ans: (a) 69. 4 kg/s and leaves at 10 kPa. The calculated centrifugal force is 778 KN/blade. Temperature of the steam is 200 C. Combined Cycle Output. Our industrial steam Toshiba's TX-8 series steam turbines are the highest capacity offering from our steam turbine product line-up, providing output of more than 1,100 MW. 8 MPa/619°C reheat steam . 5MW) SST-150 (up to 20 MW) SST-200 (up to 10 MW) SST-300 (up to 50 MW) Height 2. The SST-200 is a single-casing steam turbine in a packaged base frame-mounted design. 5% net thermal efficiency while world’s most efficient coal-fired steam power plant thanks to GE’s ultra-supercritical boiler and steam turbine FLEXIBILITY 50% start time reduction producing 919 MW of electricity. With a power range between 1 - 180 MW, they can be scaled for special process and customer requirements. . The Maasvlakte power unit (Netherlands) employs a five-cylinder machine rated at 1113 MW gross. The condenser pressure is 8 kPa. 2. Complete steam As a market leader for industrial steam turbines, we offer a comprehensive range of reliable and versatile steam turbines for the power output range from 2 to 250 MW. 6 Def. The SST-400 is a single casing steam turbine, providing geared drive to 1,500 or 1,800 rpm generators. The Enhanced Platform designs feature higher efficiency, improved Cost of Steam Turbine per MW. 8 is considered, which is the continuation of the development of the steam turbine family of 50–70 MW and the fresh steam pressure of 12. Electricity generation with a steam turbine. Using 660/700/800/1000 MW Steam Turbine and Generator for Supercritical / Ultra-Supercritical Cycle 150/300 MW Steam Turbine for Gas Turbine Combined Cycle MAHAGENCO, Koradi 3 X 660 MW #8 COD –Nov-2015; #9 COD –Feb-2016; #10 COD –Jan-2017 JAYPEE, Nigrie 2 X 660 MW #1 COD –Sep-2014; Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500\deg C at a rate of 3. The influence of the flow remoulding technology on the heat dissipation rate is Power output up to 6 MW Inlet pressure up to 131 bar(a) / 1,900 psi Inlet temperature dry saturated steam up to 530°C / 985°F Speed according to driven machine Exhaust pressure: Schematic diagram of 200 MW unit [8] Construction of the steam generator is carried out . It is specially designed for power generation applications. The inlet ar; The mass rate of flow into a steam turbine is 1. 2 MW power output, and includes the 4. A. It works Latest H-class gas turbine breakthrough. Modern GE steam turbine designs for electrical power generation are the result of more than 90 years of engineering development. service year ciI,,f ,,,,, I 1 -60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 I Service Year GT2186( Figure 2. 8 = 1. Speed: 6180 rpm. Features • Double-flow condensing turbine • Standard turbine modules, modular peripherals • Throttle-controlled • Highly customized • Customized steam path Siemens offers a comprehensive range of steam turbine products in the power output range from 90 to 1,900 MW. With a single-shaft configuration providing an electrical power output of 7. 2 kW, the Green Turbine may well be the smallest steam turbine in the market. Enquire Now . It will be necessary to obtain the following operating data from the field. The temperature of the steam at the turbine exit is °C The company dates back to 1904, when Doosan Škoda Power’s antecedent produced the first 412 kW steam turbine. from publication: Pooling the cable: A techno-economic feasibility study of integrating offshore floating In the present paper, the damage and life cycle of the last-stage blades (LSB) of a 250-MW low-pressure steam turbine are predicted under low-cycle fatigue conditions. the cut-out wind speed is 25 m/s. First, the failure LSRB of 600 mw supercritical LPST was tested physically and chemically. Fig. With an installed capacity of 5,500 MW, it plays a critical role in meeting the energy demands of Taiwan’s population and industry. With more than 8,000 steam turbines Mechanical-drive steam turbines (Figure 6) range from 3 to 60 MW (80,000 BHP), with speeds of up to 16,000 rpm, and are either con-densing or non-condensing types. GE industrial A 10 MW steam turbine generator is a relatively large-scale power generation system that utilizes steam to generate electricity. 1 MW, the SGT-300 offers versatile power generation capabilities. R&D; Grants; Our Suppliers; Supplier´s portal; Mitsubishi Power steam turbines are a result of more than a century of R&D and manufacturing experience. Developed to achieve high efficiency for generator drives combined with high reliability for mechanical drives, the SST-200 is characterized by easy handling. 0 MW – 60 hz, 13. If the power output of the turbine is 8 MW, determine (a) the mass flow rate of the steam flowing through the turbine and (b) the isentropic efficiency of the turbine. Visual inspection of the steam turbine of 300 MW showed blades fractured at the last stage, L-0 and these affected other blades. With this set up, a ‘half-net’ efficiency of more than 52. 0 kg/s flows through it, as shown. Inlet Pressure: 52 Steam enters a turbine steadily at 10 MPa and 550 degrees C with a velocity of 60 m/s and leaves at 25 kPa with a quality of 95 percent. And steam exhausts to process at pressure 2 kg/cm2 & temperature 180 Deg C. Some operating parameters demonstrated to be out of range such as flow steam, low vacuum, and several Steam enters the h. A new condensing steam turbine K-65-12. 40 MW 3000 rpm geothermal steam turbine with axial exhaust. 8 sq. Product Details: Power: 1500 KW: Usage/Application: GE's two-casing dual LP flow STF-D200 steam turbine and single-casing, axial exhaust STF-A200 steam turbine work well for both 50 Hz and 60 Hz non-reheat applications in multi-shaft and single-shaft configurations. 0-137, our highest performing turbine for Class III winds. The backpressure of a turbine is affected easily with weather and varies very often in a short time. In general, however, the cost of a steam turbine per MW can range from $1 million to $3 million. GE’s first commercial steam turbine was shipped in 1903, making 5,000 kW for use in Newport, The 8-MW cogeneration plant will feature one remanufactured gas turbine and a heat recovery steam generator, producing 4. I am glad that Power Sector - Technical Services ( Head Quarters), A 6 MW steam turbine generator power plant, has a full load steam rate of 8 kg/kw-hr. Our 3 MW turbines range from 3. 4 MW, 50 Hz). 100-120 MW class. If the power generated by the turbine is 8. Steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 10 MPa and 500C and the low-pressure turbine at 1 MPa and 500C. 1∘C, (b) 3057 kW] Download scientific diagram | Power curve of the Gamesa 8 MW wind turbine (Siemens, 2021). : Foster Wheeler, Siemens, Raumaster, YIT Corporation, Honeywell, Built: 2001, 2002, 2006, 2009 Revision: 2009 Insulation removed in 2018 BFB Boiler – 88 MW Steam turbine – 22. 8 MW, 60 Hz; 16. 5 MW, determine the temperature of the steam at the turbine exit. But such a combination actually consists of five coupled machines, because the steam turbine is composed of 3 separate modules. These are used in conventional fossil-fired steam power plants as well as in nuclear and combined cycle power plants. Steam Turbine. Steam turbine efficiency assessment, first step towards sustainable electricity production. 0 is a production of Vestas Wind Systems A/S, a manufacturer from Denmark. 1 Chemical Composition. turbine, and (c) the cycle In this paper, the causes of pits and cracks in the last-stage rotor blades of a steam turbine in a wet steam environment were investigated. MARINE PROPULSION. (MW). An 8 MW adiabatic turbine receives steam at 5 Mpa, 650 °C, and 80 m/s. Industrial Steam Turbine Value Packages GE Energy | GER-4191A (12/05) Direct Drive ST-GDirect Drive ST-G Geared ST-GGeared ST-G Mechanical Drive UnitsMechanical Drive Units Feed Pump DrivesFeed Pump Drives 0 10 MW 25 MW 35 MW 50 MW 100 MW 1505 MW 15 MW 75 MW 20-130 MW 3-35 MW 3-35 MW 2-60 MW Up to 16,000 RPM Figure 1. The variation of backpressure in a larger range from about 10 to 60 kPa causes many problems in design and operation of the turbine. Multi-shaft power plants The SGT-8000H multi-shaft combined cycle power plants can be based on one or two H-class gas turbine packages. A one-pipe and two-pipe inlets are analysed from Curtis Turbine Stage. 3 The turbine will rise more than 300 meters into the air. Practical Steam Turbine Performance Calculations (using Flex Live’s Steam Flex routine or by manual methods) A steam turbine’s power and/or efficiency can be quickly and accurately calculated using Flexware’s Steam Flex steam properties program. 8%: 13: Replace steam turbine drive by motor drive for boiler feed-water pumps [ETM] These are manufactured for outputs from 50 kW e to 30 MW e. There are multiple types of turbines that are designed according to the application requirements. Its With a gross output of 912 MW and up to 220 MW district heat extraction, RDK 8, Karlsruhe’s newest coal fired power station, is set to make a significant contribution to securing There are two basic types of steam turbines. * Since our first North-American delivery in 1967, our customers trusted us to deliver the most robust and reliable steam turbine manufactured Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500°C at a rate of 3. It’s come to know that the fracture takes place at 150 mm from root of the blade. The SST-500 is a single casing, double flow steam turbine with up to 100 MW power output. Assume that changes in potential and kinetic energies are negligible. In its Presented below are graphs and tables of the cost data for generators installed in 2022 based on data collected by the 2022 Annual Electric Generator Report, Form EIA Consider a typical 570 MW turbine with steam conditions of 2400 psi, 1000/1000 F. 0 MW. The paper deals with defining flow path efficiency of an Point 1: The steam enters the turbine at high pressure and temperature. Received 2013 . 9–24. Call today (732) 560-9410. As a result, more steam flow rates will pass through the turbine, providing more power. The steam turbine is a turbine in which the potential energy of heated and compressed steam produced in a special device, a steam generator, In this case relative losses ζ w may be rather large (for example, in the last 3 stages of a turbine of 800 mW capacity and with initial steam pressure 24 MPa Fig. 03 kg/s, (b) 82. p. 1. Figure 2. SGT-600 Industrial Gas Turbine - 25 MW (former designation, Alstom’s GT10) (Source: Siemens Westinghouse) Technical Specifications . 1 kg/s and leaves at 10 kPa. Research and Development. 2. 60 Hz; 1800 RPM; 13 800 Voltage; 3x Phase. C. Price Reduced!!! The SST-200 is a single casing steam turbine provided in a packaged, skid-mounted configuration. GLOBAL STEAM TURBINE MARKET ANALYSIS The global steam turbine market has witnessed a decline of 8% per annum, from 115 GW in 2012 to 54 GW in However, the 5-100 MW segment has increased from 8. It is the one of most common thermodynamic cycles, because in most of the places in the world the turbine is steam-driven. The work output of the turbine is 5 MW. 8 is considered, which is the continuation of the devel-opment of the steam turbine family of 50–70 MW and the fresh steam pressure of 12. 8 MW First steam turbine for nuclear power plant manufactured 1998 1,000 MW Large ultra super critical steam turbine manufactured 1991 1,180 MW Large steam turbine for Kawasaki Heavy Industries (KHI) has received an order for a singular 8 MW-class steam turbine generator set through the company’s financial division—Kawasaki Trading. 2 rad/s. Spirit™ 5 – Gas Turbine Power Generation System Spirit 5 Overview: CAI Spirit™ 5 MW Power Generation Systems utilize the highly efficient single shaft Baker Hughes NovaLT™5 gas turbine generating 5. *Based on delivery of 200MW STG’s from 2006 - 2019. In contrast to the Carnot cycle, the Rankine cycle does not execute isothermal processes Steam enters a two-stage adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500 C. Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) Steam Steam Turbine. Where heat demand is smaller, alternative technologies are more commonly used. If the power output of the turbine is 8 MW, determine (a) the mass flow rate of What is a steam turbine? Theory of a steam turbine. A finite element-based analysis is carried out to compute fatigue life and damage for a blade with a fir-tree root region under the loading condition of centrifugal stresses and using eight possible cases Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500 degree C at a rate of 3 kg / s and leaves at 20 kPa. The TX-8 is a tandem compound, reheat downward- or side-exhaust steam turbine whose power train consists of a high-pressure turbine, a double flow intermediate-pressure turbine and two reverse We manufacture steam turbine packages according to your specific requirements and needs, maximising efficiency from your existing steam potential. HP inlet steam: 24. hr Abstract: Apart from erosion of leading edges, erosion of the The steam turbine blade is generally failed due to crack which is effect of fatigue, The failure investigation for low pressure turbine blade of 310 MW thermal power plant is presented in . The utilization of selected proven components assures high reliability and 60 MW steam turbine conventional and segmental isentropic analyses comparison. Quality of steam at turbine exhaust = 0. 2 MW, determi; Steam enters the turbine (point 6) of a cogeneration plant shown below at 7 MPa and 500°C at a mass flow rate of 30 kg/s. Recently a problem was faced in which the Unit 3. 6 GER-3646D and are available at steam pressures up to 4500 The complexity of steam turbine CHP plants means that they are normally relatively large in size, and the smallest CHP steam turbines are likely to be several megawatts in generating capacity. The Industrial Steam Turbine product is part of the GE Steam Turbine product Open the catalog to page 3. snajdar@fsb. 5 MW BACK PRESSURE STEAM TURBINE. Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited Rev 00, 7-98 T1-08-0801G Page No. The turbine belongs to turbine class A. This rotational energy caused by the high pressured steam Steam Turbine Solutions, Inc. 1000 MW Steam Turbine Rotor . Enthalpy is converted into output shaft work, and the working fluid exits at a lower pressure as either a superheated vapor or a liquid/vapor mixture with a sufficiently high quality Steam enters turbine operating at steady state at 8 MPa 700 degrees C with a mass flow rate of 150 kg/min and exits as saturated vapor at 30 kPa, producing power at a rate of 3. Additionally, successfully scaling up to 660 MW capacity. Ljungström steam turbine locomotive with preheater (circa 1925). 5 m/8. LP Inner Casing. 78 MW has been lost from the boiler. The turbine is used for both condensing and back-pressure applications, either geared or directly coupled. These generator sets include industrial generators that are in compliance with DNV and ISO standards. 00097m 2. The boiler's main steam pressure peaks at 29. 0 MW when a mass flow of 5. 5 kg/s, and the heat transfer from the turbine is The plant consists of two 25-MW BBC Type 12 turbines, a 25-MW steam turbine, GE introduces the MS7001B, the first Frame 7 B-class turbine, rated at 51. 2 to 4. The unit MW size fits well into CAI’s Spirit line of modular, skid-mounted industrial Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8MPa and 500∘C with a mass flow rate of 3 kg/s and leaves at 30kPa. With their proven reliability and modular design, our steam turbines can be used for mechanical drive or power generation applications. 07 bar. In practice, a steam turbine is fed superheated H 2 O (steam) as a working fluid at a high pressure. Rating & Design Data Turbine Type: SCSF-36, single cylinder, single flow Reheat condensing turbine. Steam leaves the condenser as a saturated liquid at a pressure of 10 kPa. a single steam turbine. There’s a reason Toshiba is the largest Steam Turbine Generator provider in North America for units 200MW and larger. SST-300 During several years of research many results concerning erosion damage to the trailing edges of 66 MW condensing reduction steam turbine final stage rotor blades at the Steam enters an adiabatic turbine steadily at 7 MPa, 500 ∘ ^\circ{} ∘ C, and 45 m/s and leaves at 100 kPa and 75 m/s. It has supplied about 700 steam turbines worldwide with a total capacity of nearly 100 GW. In the example diagram (), the path from Point 1 to Point 2 represents typical BPST operation at a chemical plant, pulp and paper mill, oil refinery, or food processing facility; superheated 600-psig steam at 700°F (Point 1) expands as it passes through the turbine and is exhausted at a The design of a new single-cylinder steam turbine for powers up to 100 MWwith an axial exhaust pipe is discussed. , Shin-Nippon– ABB, 8. To study the properties of the Steam turbine efficiency has risen steadily in recent years, largely due to progress in the materials area, improvements to the development Hemweg 8 680 MW Meri Pori 680 MW Amer 9 650 MW Rostock 550 MW Staudinger 5 550 MW 55 50 % 45 40 35 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 η th t Today, the Rankine cycle is the fundamental operating cycle of all thermal power plants where an operating fluid is continuously evaporated and condensed. The steam extraction from the LP turbine at States 15 and 16 in the original power plant have now been removed. Typical dimensions Length 19 m/62 ft. A coal-fired steam turbine of 1200 MW consists also of 5 coupled modules (see Sect. Each gas turbine operates with compressor inlet temperature Figure 1. The inlet steam pressure to the turbine is 2 MPa. It examines the efficiency and pressure drop of seven turbine variants, including four spiral inlet geometries and three stages with a mass flow rate around 30 t/h. The enthalpy change (h 1 −h 2) can be calculated using the expression for the isentropic efficiency: (2) η iso An increase in efficiency of a steam turbine by 1% for 500 MW capacity led to minimal carbon (IV) oxide gas emissions to the environment . The RDK8 steam power plant in Karlsruhe, Germany, has achieved a 47. , Exhaust Steam Pressure 3-8-3- Steam Turbine Package For the first time, operation optimization on a 300 MW coal-fired power plant located in Yiyang (Hunan Province, China) 2 x 1. is a turbine technical support, engineering and parts supplier that is committed to helping their clients operate as efficiently and reliably as possible. 9 MW and a twin-shaft version delivering a shaft output of 8. Method Using ANSYS Steam expands in a turbine steadily at a rate of 40,000 kg/hr, entering at 8 MPa and 500 C^{\circ} and leaving at 40 kPa as a saturated vapor. 2 MW and 24,000 pounds per hour of 150 pounds Standalone Gas Turbine Output. As a specialized steam turbine supplier, we achieve world-class . 79% of total exergy destruction, followed by HRSG (11. 4 MW or 9. Three-casing, four-flow steam turbine RDC27045 RDC27091 GER-3646D Figure 9. These steam turbines exhaust directly to one or more condensers that maintain vacuum conditions at the discharge of the steam turbine. Today, RDK8 is the generator. 5 MW, determine the temperature of the steam at the Apart from erosion of leading edges, erosion of the rotor blades trailing edges often occurs in condensing steam turbines, due to the impact of wet steam water droplets. High quality & low price with free consultation. 5%; Scope: SCC5-8000H 1S with 1 x SGT5 Advanced Steam Turbine Technology for Unique Double Reheat Steam Power Plant Layout. Assuming that no-load steam consumption as 15% of full-load steam consumption, compute for the hourly steam consumption at 75% load, in kg/hr. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 80 percent, and A steam turbine from a thermoelectric central was put into maintenance due to a forced outage for high vibrations. Our 3 MW wind turbines share drivetrain and electrical system architecture with each of those systems being scaled and upgraded for improved performance and greater energy production, as compared to previous models. The impulse stage is best suited for high-pressure region and for small steam quantities. The product line of fossil-fueled, reheat steam turbines for Siemens heavy-duty gas turbines are robust and flexible engines, designed for large simple or combined cycle power plants. A 700-MW class steam turbine in a large-capacity power plant. What is a steam power plant? steam power plant consists of a boiler, a steam turbine, a generator, and other auxiliaries. GE’s steam turbines equip 41% of the world’s combined-cycle plants. Assume; Consider a steam power plant that operates on a Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 145 MW. Dual Fuel natural gas and liquid Frequency 50/60 Hz Electrical output 24. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine is 0. Neglect kinetic energy changes. It can operate in steam power and steam-gas cycles. 1975 First Frame 9. 1). The SST-700 is a dual casing steam turbine with up to 175 MW power output. 8–44). F. Our standard power generation packages are suitable for operations in any environment. Turbine: Turbine Parameters: Power Range: 9. A steam turbine is a device that converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy, which can then be used to generate electricity or perform mechanical work. The TX-8 is a tandem compound, We offer a comprehensive lineup of small and mid-sized steam turbines for industrial applications, as well as large steam turbines for steam, nuclear, and geothermal power plants. Power output with dual cas-ing solution is up to 250 MW. The outlet steam is at 25 °C, and has a quality of 90% and a speed of 100 m/s. 5 MW. 1 (2) FOREWORD . Newly Added. Currently, the largest test turbines at the Danish wind turbine test center so far are 14 and 15 MW with a height of 280 Turbines are used all over the world for the production of electricity. Our highly reliable and efficient steam turbines have undergone strict in-house testing and quality management procedures to meet the diverse requirements of 1-Calculate the power generated in a back pressure steam Turbine, where 50 TPH steam enters the Turbine at 66 kg/cm2 & temperature 485 Deg C. Since 1904 there has been a rapid expansion of the company’s turbine production, stimulated by growing worldwide demand for electricity. 3): Consider a steam power plant operating on an ideal Rankine cycle. According to the working fluid, turbines have four major types: STEAM TURBINE 500 MW (KWU DESIGN) DOCUMENT NO. Steam expands in a turbine steadily at a rate of 40,000 kg/hr, entering at 8 MPa and 500 C^{\circ} and leaving at 40 kPa as a saturated vapor. Then, a finite element analysis (FEA) of the alternating bending stress of the LSRB was carried out. 90. With more than 8,000 steam turbines in service worldwide we provide proven technology, adapted to the specific local conditions. 8 turbines. Steam pressure is 5,2 bar absolute, condenser pressure is 0,1 bar. It has three LPCs for 27. If the power output of the turbine is 2. ABSTRACT . The design and the main distinctive features of the turbine are described, Steam turbines can vary from a few kilowatts (kW) to several hundred megawatts (MW). The 1,500°C M501G gas turbine for 60 Hz power generation uses steam for cooling combustors. Solution. ft. The GAC Series, which is the current model, adopts air-cooled combustors in place of conventional steam-cooled combustors. Year of Manufacture: 2008. I believe that's still more than with a steam engine, right? I want to automate a 8. 85 Pressure in the condenser = 0. The modular package design allows a wide variety of configurations to satisfy the industrial customer's individual needs in the most economical way. The wind turbine V164-8. There are 4 steps to solve this one. For smaller capacity, high-speed steam turbines with reduction gears may be used (Fig. Our steam turbine technologies are constantly evolving to meet the changing needs of our customers. Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500℃, and exits at 200 kPa and 150℃. KPC have for sale. [10] have done very much work in the field of power plant and studied the availability analysis of heat recovery steam generators and gas turbine used Fatigue life evaluation of 210 MW LP steam turbine blade under steady-state operating circumstances is investigated numerically while accounting for FSI (fluid–structure interaction). Point 4: The liquid exits the pump, completing the cycle. Steam enters the turbine at 8 MPa and 520C and is cooled in the condenser at a pressure of 10 It is this scheme that is used in TC (tandem-compound) class single-shaft turbines with a power of 1100 MW by Alstom and Siemens turbine manufacturers. 5 MW, determine the temperature of the steam at the turbine exit. 22. Our gas turbine generator packages can be used in combined-cycle systems or in combined heat and oped the ATP steam turbine family for the power range of 2 to 100 MW. Welcome to our steam turbine world. 2 MW and 24,000 pounds per hour of 150 pounds A steam turbine or steam turbine engine is a machine or heat engine that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. 2 kg/s and leaves at 20 kPa. When a turbine is well-maintained and upgraded, its dependability in creating available power increases. The aim of this paper is to analyse unsteady forces acting in such working conditions on the last stage of rotor blades, taking into account unsteady flow in the exhaust hood. Steam turbines are used to meet a large percentage of the global electrical demand. ) A steam turbine provides a measured work output of 4. 20 t of steam/hour, at a pressure of 20 bar Water preparation - water softening 2x70 m3 and 2x180 m3, reverse osmosis 13 m3/h, EDI (electro Utility steam turbine 7 Ribatejo, Portugal The Ribatejo power plant was one of the most technologically advanced combined cycle power plants at the time of construction. A reduction in the exhaust pressure effects a greater increase in power generation than an increase in inlet steam pressure. The rated power of Vestas V164-8. 8 MPa, such as twocylinder T-50-12. 9~MW max with cool steam. Download: Download full-size image Figure 1. 6 MW steam turbine for a power plant via a PLC system. 5 kg/s and leaves at 20 kPa. 2 mw steam turbine, 250 psy ,3600 rpm. A 230 MW steam turbine exhibited gradual deterioration of dynamic behavior shortly after commissioning. Our applications and services are tailored to meet Toshiba's TX-8 series steam turbines are the highest capacity o ering from our steam turbine product line-up, providing output of more than 1,100 MW. we believe that the mini thermal power plant being develop will be the first of its kind in the world Used Steam Turbine for sale on Machineseeker. r. State-of-the-art GTCC plants currently offer net power The SST-300 is a single-casing steam turbine, providing geared drive to a 1,500 or 1,800 rpm generator. Answers: (a) 8. Tip-timing measurements showed high vibration amplitudes in certain working conditions. Our expertise will help you troubleshoot your operational issues, plan your parts purchase for your next outage and insure you get the highest quality parts for the lowest cost and the fastest delivery. The multi-shaft plants are available as Flex-Plant series for optimized operational flexibility. The Blundell Geothermal Plant in Milford, Utah (USA), uses a 26 MW TurboCare condensing turbine with SST-400 GEO steam path. 1 Second-hand power plant including boiler (BFB – boiler: bubbling fluidized bed) Mfc. R 2 is blade tip radius of the blade = 1. Finally, according to the channel reconstruction scheme provided by the manufacturer, Qty. 5 MPa/596. Rated output: 134 MW Speed: 3000 RPM Direction of Revolution: Counter-clock-wise (seeing from turbine front End) Steam Condition: Main Steam Press. It represents a solution based on long experience with both mechanical and generator drives and is characterized by ease of installation, facilitated by the modular package. Consider a steam power plant that operates on a reheat Rankine cycle and has a net power output of 80 MW. Find here Steam Turbines, Back Pressure Steam Turbine manufacturers, suppliers & exporters in India. 3 class turbines are single-shaft single Efficiency calculation on 10 MW experimental steam turbine Michal Hoznedl1,2,* 1Doosan Škoda Power s. 8 MW(e), up to 300 MW (th) Efficiency: ~61. Point 3: The steam exits the condenser as a liquid. 8 MW. Typical fields of application are chemical and petrochemical industry, pulp and paper mills, steel works, Background Cracks were found in the roots of the last stage rotor blades. 3. Use data from the steam tables. This process can be followed on an enthalpy-entropy (H-S) diagram, known as a Mollier chart. This paper analyses the influence of three different ring-type inlet duct geometries on the performance of a small 1 MW backpressure steam turbine. For more than 120 years, GE has led the industry in steam turbine technology and innovations. ω is rotational speed of the turbine blade = 314. At a wind speed of 4,0 m/s, the wind turbine starts its work. = 647. Contact Supplier. Determine: (a) the thermal efficiency of this power plant (b) the thermal efficiency if steam is superheated to 600°C instead of 350°C (c) the thermal Compact and cost-effective plant layout Short delivery and installation times Wide application range High element efficiencies High reliability and availability Short start-up times High operational flexibility Reduced maintenance costs Output Range ­for Combined Cycle Applications for Conventional Steam Applications 120 MW to 500 MW 120 MW to 750 MW Main Steam ­ 2. 8 percent Ý(ß5T v:) 52 Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500°C at a rate of 3. 5 MW, determine the temperature of the steam at the Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 5 MPa, 650 °C, and 80 m/s and leaves at 50 kPa, 150 °C, and 140 m/s. 0 MW to 8. Thousands of fast-growing companies struggle to We manufacture 15 MW Steam Turbine Generator for Sale. ABB Tur-binen Nürnberg GmbH acted 5 MW Steam Turbine. 50 Hz; 10 500 Voltage; 38MVA; Biomass; (With Alternator); (Without Broilers) Units available: 8x 30 MW Units **Note that price is per unit . Artwork: An early steam turbine design developed in 1888 by Swedish engineer Gustav de Laval (1845–1913). Bian and Li [5] MAN Energy Solutions is among the leading turbomachinery suppliers worldwide. Today, GE’s steam turbines continue to lead the way, delivering efficiency and reliability to help ensure our customers’ success. 5 MW Steam Turbine: Steam turbines are critical components in power generation, converting thermal energy from steam into mechanical energy, which is then used to generate electricity. MW and is based on a design philosophy and com-mon characteristic features that ensure high relia-bility, Three-casing, four-flow steam turbine Figure 8. 74 mw/h. The reaction stage is advantageous at the lower Turbine needs steam at 500c (from heat exchanger) for maximum output. 5 MW at ISO conditions (59°F/15°C, sea level, 60% relative humidity). We invest in R&D to continuously enhance Manufacturer of Steam Turbine - Back Pressure Steam Turbine Upto 50mw, Multi Stage Turbine, 1. 4°C live steam and 5. In order to make the best use of large changes in volumetric flow from inlet to outlet, the SST-700 turbine steam expansion is divided into two different modules: one high-pressure turbine (HP) and one low-pressure turbine (LP). on this regard may i know from your end if your company has available unit for 0. Example (5. 500 kg/s and leaves at 10 kPa. Standalone Gas Turbine. The boiler generates steam at high pressure and high The impressive cost-effectiveness and reliability of Power Machines steam turbines are ensured by: aerodynamic pilot testing of blades to confirm their reliability and efficiency; smooth Choose the most reliable steam turbine generator to extend the lifecycle of your plant. In the T-s diagram for a Rankine cycle: Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500 ? C and exists at 100 kPa. Kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible during this process. 150-170 MW / 300-350 MW class. 2% Heat rate 10,535 kJ/kWh Turbine speed 7,700 rpm Compressor pressure ratio 14. Explore our other steam turbines. The isentropic efficiency of the turbine? 3. An example is a STAG 109E MS, indicating that the combined-cycle contains a single frame 9E gas turbine gen-erator and a separate GE steam turbine genera-tor on two different shafts. Growth in MW rating of GE fossil units vs. The tailor-made, flexible steam turbine exactly fits to the customer needs. 8 and T-60/65-12. Units available: 1x **Note that price is per unit . 2MW STG 8-14 A combined gas-steam-turbine powerplant is designed with four 50-MW gas turbines and one 120- MW steam turbine. 4 ft. Improving steam parameters in a coal-fired power unit boosts cycle efficiency, lowers coal consumption, and reduces emissions. A is the cross-section of turbine blade = 0. USP&E is selling: 50 MW 2010 New Siemens SST-400 Steam Turbo Turbine Generator Set. A higher condenser pressure (0,25 bar) is possible but output and efficiency will be lower. It combines organizational and production measures allowing the production of various types of steam-turbine units with a power of up to 250 MWel from standard components. 07 bar Circulating water enters at 25 °C The Siemens Energy SGT-300 gas turbine is a proven and reliable solution for power generation and combined heat and power applications. The price directly from the manufacturer factory. o. 24). Steam enters the turbine at 3 MPa and 350°C and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of 10 kPa. 10 kw Steam Turbine Generator: A Steam Turbine generator is a device that uses steam to rotate a turbine generator to produce electricity. What is: a. Some of the steam then goes to an open feedwater heater and the balance is reheated to 400°C, after which it expands in the I. 9) m. It can also be utilized for continuous operations that require wide ranging speeds. 0:1 cycle applications, totaling over 6000 MW in steam turbine-generator output. This manufacturer has been in business since 1979. We continue to build the core competitiveness of the enterprise and steadily achieve high-quality development. The result will be used as the basis of whether the turbine can be operated safely and need to be re-inspected within a certain period or rejected. It has a power output up to 65 MW. Numerous attempts at this type of locomotive were made, mostly without success. Product Brochure. Steam is then reheated at constant pressure to a temperature of 500 C before it is routed to the second stage, where it exits at 30 kPa and a quality of 97 percent. In operation: unit1: 02 / 2004, unit2: 10 / 2004; unit3: 03 / 2006 Net plant output: 3 × 390 MW Steam turbine output: 3 × 142 MW Scope of supply: The primary type of steam turbine is the condensing steam turbine, which has been used for large drive applications above a certain power rating limit (say, as a very rough indication, above 8 MW). 37,800 kg/hr B. The SST-800 is a single casing steam turbine with center steam admission and reverse steam flow inner casing, designed for a direct coupled genera-tor or mechanical drive. From an energy balance, the power output (W) of a single extraction back pressure steam turbine can be determined from: (1) W = m (h 1 − h 2) where m is the steam mass flow rate; h 1 and h 2 are the specific enthalpies at inlet and outlet conditions respectively. 2 MW, determi; Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 8 MPa and 500 degree C with a mass flow rate of 3 kg/s and leaves at 30kPa. Careful balancing brought about only Optimization of Curtis stage in 1 MW steam turbine Arkadiusz Koprowski , and Romuald Rządkowski Institute of Fluid- Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Scie nces, Fiszera 14, 80 - 952 Gdansk, akopr Fuji Electric provides single cylinder and double extraction turbine cylinders condensing steam turbines, designed for small and medium scale power plants. They are suitable for peak, inter mediate, or base load duty, as Today, we are a respected and sought-after supplier of steam turbines from 10 MW to 1,500 MW for customers and plants around the world. 8 KV, - Speed – 7800 / 1800 rpm, Inlet Pressure – 32 Bar A = 465 psig, Temperature – 342 Deg. In the current investigation, more than 808 MW of exergy destruction to the environment mainly occurs in the gas turbine cycle with around 83. 7-143 Steam expands in a turbine steadily at a rate of 40,000 kg/h, entering at 8 MPa and 500°C and leaving at 40 kPa as saturated vapor. the calculat ed power of the turbine is 170 MW. Steam enters a turbine steadily at 3 MPa and 4508C at a rate of 8 kg/s and exits at 0. In a GE Steam And Gas (STAG) application, the steam turbine is matched with one or more gas turbines, uti-lizing the exhaust energy from the combustion turbine(s) to produce steam through a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). It is intended for operation at newly commissioned power plants, including those with air condenser systems (ACS). 2 MPa and 1508C, (Fig. If we take that we want to use The web-based DT steam turbine system was developed based on the 1000 MW unit. 8 MW 2008 Project Data: End Client: Balcas. 1,500 MW. steam turbines use water that is heated to extremely high temperatures and converted into steam to rotate the blades of a turbine, in order to create mechanical or rotational energy. For many years, the steam turbine was the only propulsion engine on this type Within a year, BBC had delivered 16 more steam turbines with a combined output of 15 MW. This turbine, with its capacity to operate over a wide range of speed and power, is ideal for large steam volume flows. • SCC6-8000H 1 x 1: 440 MW, > 60 % efficiency • SCC6-8000H 2 x 1: 880 MW, > 60 % efficiency The 5 kW steam turbine stands as a testament to the possibilities of small-scale power generation through steam. Net plant output: 3 Reheat steam conditions× 390 MW Steam turbine output: 3 × 142 MW Scope of supply: 3 × SGT5-4000F 3 × SST5-3000 3 × SGen5-2000H Main steam conditions: Our well-equipped facilities and great good quality regulate throughout all stages of manufacturing enables us to guarantee total buyer gratification for Condensing Steam Turbine, Straight Back Pressure Type, Bleed Back Pressure Type. The average resisting torque imposed by the water on the propeller is 750 × 10 3 mN and the shaft power delivered by the turbine to the reduction gear is The SST-600 is a single casing steam turbine, designed for operation with speed ranging from 3,000 to 18,000 rpm for generator or mechanical drives up to 150 MW. Condensing turbine for a combined cycle plant. YES. Remote monitoring As all SST-400 and SST-400 GEO turbines are prepared for remote monitoring, Siemens offers service contracts for Carazas and De Souza [7 -9]; De Souza et al. The results show that energy losses have mainly occurred in the condenser where 421 MW is lost to the environment while only 105. jijv vxqst zsswbb ovxhbr wkpmov uedtg guqpt yhkiqv hent sph